Investeren in landbouw en landbouwgronden in Roemenië
De republiek Roemenië ligt in het zuidoosten van Europa aan de Zwarte Zee. In het zuiden vormt de Donau de grens met Joegoslavië en Bulgarije. De Donau is , na de Wolga , de langste rivier van Europa. In het noorden grenst Roemenië aan de Sovjet-Unie, in het westen aan Hongarije. Roemenië bestaat uit een zestal grote landstreken. In het zuiden van het land ligt in het stroomgebied van de Donau het laag gelegen grote landstreek Walachije. De Donau heeft vele zijrivieren. De bodem is daar erg vruchtbaar. In deze streek is veel akkerbouw. De belangrijkste producten zijn maïs en tarwe. Meer bepaald Dolj was vroeger een to provincie v.w.b. graanteelt en groenteteelt (bron instituut statistiek - studie PBS Worldwide bvba). Als men gaat investeren in Roemenie dan moet men deze streek zeker bekijken. Investeringen in landbouw en landbouwgronden in Roemenie lonen zeker de moeite.
Beleggers storten zich op landbouw
Vooral de recente voedselcrisis heeft de toegenomen belangstelling voor het beleggen in landbouwgrond aangewakkerd. De voedselprijzen op de wereldmarkt zijn vanaf begin 2007 flink gestegen, soms met tientallen procenten. Met name rijst, maïs en graan zijn scherp in prijs gestegen. Er worden verschillende oorzaken genoemd voor het ontstaan van de voedselcrisis, zoals de gestegen vraag naar voedsel uit opkomende economieën als China en India, de gestegen prijs van brandstof en kunstmest en tegenvallende oogsten als gevolg van de klimaatverandering. Ook het gebruik van biobrandstof wordt genoemd.
Landbouwgrond wordt namelijk ook ingezet bij de vervaardiging van biobrandstof. Daarnaast hebben zwaar gesubsidieerde voedselproducten uit westerse landen de ontwikkelingslanden overspoeld en de lokale voedselproductie ondermijnd.
De hoeveelheid grond is nu eenmaal beperkt. Met name de hoeveelheid vruchtbare landbouwgrond in een gunstig klimaat is schaars. Door de groei van de wereldbevolking en de welvaart en door een grotere vraag naar bio-energie zal de vraag naar landbouwgrond alleen maar gaan toenemen.
De aarde wordt daarom vakkundig afgekamd op zoek naar potentiële landbouwgronden. Vooral Oost-Europa heeft het potentieel om zich te ontwikkelen tot de graanschuur van Europa. Daarnaast kan de opbrengst van de landbouwgronden nog worden verhoogd door efficiëntere landbouwtechnieken, door slimmer bodemgebruik en door een verbetering van de logistiek en opslagplaatsen. Grotere oogsten hebben vervolgens tot gevolg dat de grondprijs in waarde zal stijgen. Het is daarbij van belang dat de beleggingen duurzaam zijn en dat het ontginnen van nieuwe landbouwgronden geen negatieve effecten heeft op het klimaat.
Grondgebruik
Van de totale oppervlakte van Roemenië, 23,8 miljoen hectare, wordt 28 % ingenomen door bossen en wordt meer dan 60 % voor landbouw gebruikt. Van het landbouwareaal is ongeveer 1/3 permanent weiland en bijna 63 % is akkerland, op meer dan de helft waarvan graangewassen, voornamelijk maïs en tarwe, worden geteeld. Verder wordt één tiende gebruikt voor de teelt van oliehoudende zaden. Vernieuwing van wijngaarden heeft het areaal met blijvende teelten niet doen toenemen (minder dan 4 % van het landbouwareaal).
Ondanks alles zijn er steeds meer Roemeense ondernemers die land huren van tientallen grondeigenaren en daarmee grotere professionele akkerbouwbedrijven opzetten. Dit gebeurt vooral in de Donauvlakte, een uitgestrekt en van nature zeer vruchtbaar akkerbouwgebied in het Zuidoosten van Roemenië. Dit is het gebied van de zwarte aarde met een van nature hoog humusgehalte. Het is een onafzienbare vlakte met her en der kleine dorpen, die via aarsrechte wegen met elkaar verbonden zijn. De enorme graansilo's getuigen nog van de grote bedrijfsstructuur van decennia geleden. Het gematigde landklimaat met zeer warme zomers en koude winters zorgt voor een andere en vaak ook lagere ziekte- en plaagdruk dan in Nederland, met veel minder schimmelaantastingen. Vroeger lagen in dit gebied de zeer grote
coöperaties van elk tientallen duizenden hectare grond. Deze coöperaties konden beschikken over een uitgebreid irrigatiesysteem dat na de revolutie letterlijk in elkaar is gestort. De gemiddelde bedrijfsgrootte van de nieuwe akkerbouwers ligt rond de zevenhonderd hectare.
De gangbare gewassen zijn tarwe, gerst, zonnebloemen, bonen en lucerne.
De biologische landbouw in Roemenië staat aan het begin van haar ontwikkeling. In april 2000 heeft de Roemeense overheid biologische landbouw door middel van wetgeving geïnstitutionaliseerd, maar er bestaat nog geen officieel erkende controle-organisatie voor biologische producten. De controles worden nu nog uitgevoerd door internationaal
werkende organisaties uit West-Europa. Op dit moment zijn er naar schatting enkele tientallen biologisch werkende akkerbouw- en groenteteeltbedrijven. De grotere akkerbouwbedrijven hiervan beslaan gemiddeld wel 500 hectare. De drijfveer om biologisch te gaan werken komt deels voort uit het bewustzijn dat niet dezelfde negatieve effecten van te intensieve landbouw, zoals in West Europa, herhaald moeten worden. Echter, ook uit het ontbreken van koopkracht van de boeren is een stimulans. Het ontbreekt hen eenvoudig aan de middelen die nodig zijn voor het gebruik van dure kunstmest en bestrijdingsmiddelen.
.Steunmaatregelen voor investeringen in Roemenie en investeren in landbouwgronden
De Europese landbouwsteun is voor Roemenië een van de voornaamste voordelen van de toetreding tot de Europese Unie. Ongeveer 35 procent van de actieve bevolking werkt er in de landbouw. Tussen 2007 en 2013 heeft Roemenië recht op 5,5 miljard euro directe betalingen aan boeren en 8 miljard euro voor plattelandsontwikkeling.
Maar het geld komt niet terecht bij de arme boeren. Van de steun voor 2007, die dit voorjaar wordt uitbetaald, wordt 400 miljoen euro uitgedeeld in verhouding tot de oppervlakte die elke boer bewerkt. Per hectare betaalt de EU ongeveer 50 euro, een bedrag dat langzaam zal stijgen tot 200 euro in 2013. In 2011 bedraagt deze basissteun 87 Euro per hectare.
Volgens de Europese regels moeten aanvragers minstens een hectare bewerken. In Roemenië zijn bijna 3 van de 4,5 miljoen boerderijen kleiner dan een hectare. Sommige van die boeren hebben hun percelen samengevoegd om in aanmerking te kunnen komen. Maar ook dan loont het nauwelijks de moeite.
Een bijkomend probleem is dat het geld wordt overschreven op een bankrekening. Veel boeren moeten naar de stad reizen om het geld te innen. Dat kost hen algauw 10 euro.
Uiteindelijk werden er in 2007 in Roemenië 1,2 miljoen aanvragen ingediend. De Roemeense overheidsinstantie die het geld moet verdelen, had eind april nog maar 70 van de 400 miljoen euro overgemaakt. Tot eind juni kan er nog geld naar de aanvragers gaan; alles wat dan niet is uitgegeven, gaat terug naar Brussel.
Voor 2008 zijn er nog maar 700.000 aanvragen ingediend. Ook daarvoor is de deadline juni. De Roemeense overheid zegt dat meer en meer boeren samenwerkingsverbanden aangaan. Maar veel kleine boeren vinden het ook gewoon de moeite niet meer.
Net als in andere Europese landen gaat ook in Roemenië het meeste geld naar rijke boeren. Critici van het Europese landbouwbeleid zeggen dat de Europese Commissie stilletjes de kleine boeren wil doen verdwijnen. Met name in Roemenië zou dat de productiviteit gevoelig kunnen opkrikken.
Intussen verstrekt de Europese Unie ook de indirecte landbouwhulp, via projecten voor plattelandsontwikkeling. Het geld van de zogenaamde tweede pijler gaat onder meer naar wegen in landbouwgebieden, de modernisering van boerderijen en investeringen in installaties die toelaten een grotere toegevoegde waarde te geven aan landbouwproducten. Er is ook starthulp voor jonge boeren en bijstand voor boeren in streken waar landbouw moeilijker is, zoals in de bergen.
Er is een gemiddelde investeringssteun van 50% op de investeringsprojecten.
Bedrijfsstructuur
De privatisering en herverdeling van landbouwgrond betrof ongeveer 5 miljoen inwoners en leidde tot een versplintering van het grondbezit, zodat de gemiddelde omvang van de bedrijven tot minder dan 2 ha akkerland en tot minder dan 3 ha in totaal zakte. De feitelijke structuur van de landbouwbedrijven is echter minder versnipperd dan het grondbezit. Naast de zelfstandige landbouwers (58 % van het landbouwareaal) zijn er de niet-geprivatiseerde voormalige staatsbedrijven (12 % van het landbouwareaal), landbouwersverenigingen met rechtspersoonlijkheid, waarin individuele eigenaars zijn gegroepeerd (12 % van het landbouwareaal en bedrijven, met een gemiddelde oppervlakte van 451 ha) en familiale samenwerkingsverbanden zonder rechtspersoonlijkheid waarin familieleden gezamenlijk hun grond bewerken (8 % van het landbouwareaal en bedrijven, met een gemiddelde oppervlakte van 103 ha). Thans levert de privé-sector ongeveer 85 % van de landbouwproductie.
Vooruitzichten
Roemenië ondersteunt momenteel de markteconomisch gerichte herstructurering van de landbouwsector. Wat het grondgebruik betreft, worden alleen kleine wijzigingen verwacht. De zelfvoorzieningsgraad voor graan zal waarschijnlijk stijgen en Roemenië zal zijn positie als netto-exporteur kunnen verstevigen. Voorts wordt verwacht dat de pluimvee- en varkensstapel zich enigszins zal herstellen aangezien de productie door een toenemende binnenlandse vraag en de beschikbaarheid van graan op de interne markt zal worden aangezwengeld. De zelfvoorzieningsgraad voor de landbouwsector als geheel zal licht stijgen en er mag een positieve handelsbalans worden verwacht voor voedingsmiddelen.
Ondanks de problemen die Roemenië op dit moment kent, biedt het land goede mogelijkheden, met name voor biologische akkerbouw, gezien de vruchtbare uitgestrekte Donauvlakte, het klimaat, de ligging aan de Zwarte Zee en de lage kosten. Het kan daarmee in de nabije toekomst bijvoorbeeld grootschalig biologisch graan telen voor de West-Europese biologische veevoederindustrie. Deze zal gezien de uitbreiding van de biologisch dierlijke sector in de nabije toekomst veel grondstoffen nodig hebben. Door de ruimte in het land is het overigens ook niet ondenkbaar dat er op den duur een concurrerende biologische dierlijke sector ontstaat, welke dan kan beschikken over eigen goedkope grondstoffen.
De prijzen van de landbougronden in sommige streken gaan 3 to 4 maal zo duur worden in de volgende jaren en zullen stagneren op 6000 Euro/hectare. Dit kan een goede belegging zijn.
Contact voor project support en offertes landbouwgronden en bedrijfsoprichting:
Freddy M.E. Jacobs
frjacobs@telenet.be
http://www.pbsworldwide.com/
http://www.cibr.be/
zaterdag 5 maart 2011
zaterdag 26 februari 2011
Romania Opens up to Green Energy - renewable energy in Romania
What is meant by…..?
RES: Renewable energy sources
RES-E: Electricity production from renewable energy sources
RES-H: Production of heat and cold from renewable energy sources
Biofuels: Mainly includes biodiesel and bioethanol
Biomass: Includes solid biomass, biowaste and biogas
CHP: Combined Heat and Power
GWh: gigawatthour
ktoe: Thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
MW: megawatt
TWh: terrawatthour
PV: Photo-voltaic – technology for the production of electricity from solar energy
Promotion Law
In July the Romanian parliament finally enacted the country's renewable energy promotion law — first drawn up in 2008 but stuck in the legislative mud since then — which removed what many saw as a serious obstacle to investment in major renewables projects.
The sheer scale of Fantanele-Cogealac means that even connection of the first few dozen turbines was enough to revolutionise wind power in Romania overnight. The 67 MW online at Fantanele by the end of June compares to just 14 MW of installed wind capacity in the whole country at the end of 2009.
The Romanian Wind Energy Association (AREE) is confident the wind sector is poised for a period of strong growth, with 650 MW possible by the end of this year and the potential for 5 GW of installed capacity by 2020. "I believe we could establish a new record growth in Europe," said Dana Duica, executive director at AREE.
The annual wind potential of Romania is estimated at 23 TWh, with some of the best conditions in Europe available in the country's south-east. The Black Sea also gives Romania the possibility of an offshore industry, though because huge facilities such as Fantanele are already under way near the coast, grid congestion issues may delay large-scale offshore development.
But unlocking this potential requires major investment, and final enaction of the renewable energy legislation, with the extra certainty it brings to the market, was a step that had been eagerly sought.
When first published in November 2008, Romania's Law 220 attracted widespread acclaim for its progressive approach. Indeed, Rod Christie, GE Energy's president for central and eastern Europe, was quoted shortly afterwards praising it as potentially the best in Europe.
Unfortunately, 'potentially' was the crucial word for too long. For various reasons, including delays to secondary legislation and concerns over compliance with EU state aid rules, the law remained unenacted for almost two years until July, when a beefed-up, amended version finally made it through the Bucharest parliament.
Green Certificates Rather than feed-in tariffs, Romania has opted for a system of tradable 'green certificates' awarded for power produced and delivered to the distribution network from renewable sources.
Power suppliers are obliged to meet annual quotas for the purchase of green certificates related to the percentage of renewables in their total supply mix. The grid operator issues green certificates for renewable generation, ensuring that producers benefit both from the sale of the power itself and the value of the accompanying certificate.
The certificates can be traded on a platform run by Opcom, the national energy market operator. The law sets a minimum value of €27 per certificate and a ceiling of €55 (US$35—$72), index-linked to inflation and guaranteed until 2025.
The legislation offers various levels of incentives to different sources of renewable energy. Wind, for example, will attract two green certificates for each MWh produced until 2017 and one from 2018 onwards.
Power generated from biomass and biogas will be awarded three green certificates per MWh, with an additional certificate on offer for high-efficiency co-generation.
The 'green quotas' applied to power distributors are increased under the amended law, rising in steps from 10% in 2011 to a final level of 20% in 2020 (compared with a ceiling of 16.8% in the original legislation).
Duica said the law represents "a positive change for the industry in general, which improves the support mechanism for all technologies".
From wind's perspective, she said the development of robust legislation was an important step forward. "Foreign investors have been keen to have a safe legislative framework, which is now very close to being enforced," she said.
"A market looks promising when there is a good incentive combined with investor-friendly conditions, such as clear and transparent administrative procedures. Romania still has to work on that, but overall the wind farm operator gets a satisfying return," she added.
The transparency of administrative procedures was one of the issues raised by an EU-backed study of wind development in Romania. The recommendations of the Wind Barriers project, published earlier this year, include improved transparency in the decision-making process for grid connections, amending the planning procedure to attract developers and speeding up the approval process for Environmental Impact Assessments.
"It's basically a matter of streamlining decision-making processes in a country that does not have much experience with renewable energy grid integration and project development," said Dorina Iuga, project manager at the European Wind Energy Association, commenting on the findings.
The scale and pace of its ramp-up in Romania inevitably means that wind grabs most of the attention of foreign observers, but the country has significant potential for development of other renewable energy sources as it races to meet its EU target of 24% share of consumption from renewables by 2020 — a goal it says it is on course to achieve.
When Czech energy group CEZ completes the €1bn ($1.3 billion) Fantanele-Cogealac wind complex, its combined 600 MW will be almost double the capacity of Whitelee, Scotland, currently Europe's largest onshore wind facility.
Fantanele's 139 turbines with a total capacity of 347.5 MW are due to be connected to the grid this year, with the second phase at Cogealac adding a further 252.5 MW in 2011. The two sites will help turn Dobrogea, near Romania's Black Sea coast, into Europe's onshore wind capital, generating enough electricity to power 400,000 homes.
Romania's wind momentum increased when Spanish group Iberdrola Renovables was earlier this year granted a licence to connect up to 1.5 GW to the network. This allows Iberdrola to push ahead plans to develop 50 wind farms in south-east Romania between 2011 and 2017.
Petrom, the Romanian oil and gas group, has bought a 45 MW wind farm, also in Dobrogea, and will invest €100 million ($130 million) in the project, adding to a scale of activity that underlines Romania's credentials to become a leading wind market in eastern Europe.
GE Energy, which will supply 240 of its 2.5xl turbines to Fantanele-Cogealac, said Romania represents a "terrific opportunity" for development. The company, also involved in significant power and energy projects elsewhere in the country, said the average time taken to grant wind permits — 15 months — makes Romania the third-best performer in Europe after Finland and Austria.
Some room for improvement remains, said a spokeswoman for GE Energy. "For investment decisions to be made, it is important for developers to have clear estimates of connection costs, timeframes and connection deadlines," she said.
The scale of the expansion will inevitably put heavy new demands on Romania's grid. However, Transelectrica has said it is confident it can integrate at least 4GW without serious problems.
Alternatives to Wind
Forests that cover more than a quarter of the country and a large agricultural sector mean Romania offers plentiful sources of fuel for exploitation as biomass.
The country already has an installed biomass capacity of more than 4000 MW, almost exclusively used for heating. According to the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), district heating systems offer the best opportunity for short-term deployment of new resources.
Earlier this year it was announced that the first biomass plant in Romania to produce electricity from a wicker plantation will be built in Timis County in the west of the country, using private investment from Germany.
Romania also offers considerable untapped resources in the field of geothermal energy, where it is estimated to hold the third-highest potential in Europe.
Areas of particular promise include the country's western and southern plains and the southern Carpathians. The country already has more than 200 geothermal wells and an installed capacity of 145 MWt, though many sites are used solely for recreation.
The country's minster of the environment said earlier this year that the government would encourage development of the geothermal infrastructure, and in April, a €2 million (US$2.6 million) tomato-growing facility heated by geothermal water was unveiled in the town of Livada.
Romania's decision to award six green certificates for each MWh of electricity produced through solar reflects the paltry level of PV penetration in Romania, with barely 500 kW installed despite good insolation values in southern regions of the country.
Something of a European pioneer in solar technologies until the 1990s, Romania saw the sector wither on the back of low-quality products and a lack of incentives. But in June the country celebrated the opening by the Renovatio Group of a €10 million ($13 million) PV manufacturing facility in Satu Mare, which will produce panels for distribution in southern Europe.
2011 is a decisive year for renewable energy in Romania. The projects in this field are more and more supported and promoted also by the state. In particular, the new law encouraging solar power is seen by the experts as a challenging opportunity that can bring to a boom. A first foreign investor has recently begun the production of photovoltaic modules in Romania.
Under the new regulation the big investments on solar photovoltaic power are especially encouraged. For each MWh six “Green Certificates”, as much as for no other energy project. With the boom in solar sector new opportunities for machines and plant builders will be opened for national and international companies.
Source: Renewable Energy World magazine
Freddy Jacobs
President Romanian Real Estate Chamber
frjacobs@telenet.be
www.cibr.be
RES: Renewable energy sources
RES-E: Electricity production from renewable energy sources
RES-H: Production of heat and cold from renewable energy sources
Biofuels: Mainly includes biodiesel and bioethanol
Biomass: Includes solid biomass, biowaste and biogas
CHP: Combined Heat and Power
GWh: gigawatthour
ktoe: Thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
MW: megawatt
TWh: terrawatthour
PV: Photo-voltaic – technology for the production of electricity from solar energy
Promotion Law
In July the Romanian parliament finally enacted the country's renewable energy promotion law — first drawn up in 2008 but stuck in the legislative mud since then — which removed what many saw as a serious obstacle to investment in major renewables projects.
The sheer scale of Fantanele-Cogealac means that even connection of the first few dozen turbines was enough to revolutionise wind power in Romania overnight. The 67 MW online at Fantanele by the end of June compares to just 14 MW of installed wind capacity in the whole country at the end of 2009.
The Romanian Wind Energy Association (AREE) is confident the wind sector is poised for a period of strong growth, with 650 MW possible by the end of this year and the potential for 5 GW of installed capacity by 2020. "I believe we could establish a new record growth in Europe," said Dana Duica, executive director at AREE.
The annual wind potential of Romania is estimated at 23 TWh, with some of the best conditions in Europe available in the country's south-east. The Black Sea also gives Romania the possibility of an offshore industry, though because huge facilities such as Fantanele are already under way near the coast, grid congestion issues may delay large-scale offshore development.
But unlocking this potential requires major investment, and final enaction of the renewable energy legislation, with the extra certainty it brings to the market, was a step that had been eagerly sought.
When first published in November 2008, Romania's Law 220 attracted widespread acclaim for its progressive approach. Indeed, Rod Christie, GE Energy's president for central and eastern Europe, was quoted shortly afterwards praising it as potentially the best in Europe.
Unfortunately, 'potentially' was the crucial word for too long. For various reasons, including delays to secondary legislation and concerns over compliance with EU state aid rules, the law remained unenacted for almost two years until July, when a beefed-up, amended version finally made it through the Bucharest parliament.
Green Certificates Rather than feed-in tariffs, Romania has opted for a system of tradable 'green certificates' awarded for power produced and delivered to the distribution network from renewable sources.
Power suppliers are obliged to meet annual quotas for the purchase of green certificates related to the percentage of renewables in their total supply mix. The grid operator issues green certificates for renewable generation, ensuring that producers benefit both from the sale of the power itself and the value of the accompanying certificate.
The certificates can be traded on a platform run by Opcom, the national energy market operator. The law sets a minimum value of €27 per certificate and a ceiling of €55 (US$35—$72), index-linked to inflation and guaranteed until 2025.
The legislation offers various levels of incentives to different sources of renewable energy. Wind, for example, will attract two green certificates for each MWh produced until 2017 and one from 2018 onwards.
Power generated from biomass and biogas will be awarded three green certificates per MWh, with an additional certificate on offer for high-efficiency co-generation.
The 'green quotas' applied to power distributors are increased under the amended law, rising in steps from 10% in 2011 to a final level of 20% in 2020 (compared with a ceiling of 16.8% in the original legislation).
Duica said the law represents "a positive change for the industry in general, which improves the support mechanism for all technologies".
From wind's perspective, she said the development of robust legislation was an important step forward. "Foreign investors have been keen to have a safe legislative framework, which is now very close to being enforced," she said.
"A market looks promising when there is a good incentive combined with investor-friendly conditions, such as clear and transparent administrative procedures. Romania still has to work on that, but overall the wind farm operator gets a satisfying return," she added.
The transparency of administrative procedures was one of the issues raised by an EU-backed study of wind development in Romania. The recommendations of the Wind Barriers project, published earlier this year, include improved transparency in the decision-making process for grid connections, amending the planning procedure to attract developers and speeding up the approval process for Environmental Impact Assessments.
"It's basically a matter of streamlining decision-making processes in a country that does not have much experience with renewable energy grid integration and project development," said Dorina Iuga, project manager at the European Wind Energy Association, commenting on the findings.
The scale and pace of its ramp-up in Romania inevitably means that wind grabs most of the attention of foreign observers, but the country has significant potential for development of other renewable energy sources as it races to meet its EU target of 24% share of consumption from renewables by 2020 — a goal it says it is on course to achieve.
When Czech energy group CEZ completes the €1bn ($1.3 billion) Fantanele-Cogealac wind complex, its combined 600 MW will be almost double the capacity of Whitelee, Scotland, currently Europe's largest onshore wind facility.
Fantanele's 139 turbines with a total capacity of 347.5 MW are due to be connected to the grid this year, with the second phase at Cogealac adding a further 252.5 MW in 2011. The two sites will help turn Dobrogea, near Romania's Black Sea coast, into Europe's onshore wind capital, generating enough electricity to power 400,000 homes.
Romania's wind momentum increased when Spanish group Iberdrola Renovables was earlier this year granted a licence to connect up to 1.5 GW to the network. This allows Iberdrola to push ahead plans to develop 50 wind farms in south-east Romania between 2011 and 2017.
Petrom, the Romanian oil and gas group, has bought a 45 MW wind farm, also in Dobrogea, and will invest €100 million ($130 million) in the project, adding to a scale of activity that underlines Romania's credentials to become a leading wind market in eastern Europe.
GE Energy, which will supply 240 of its 2.5xl turbines to Fantanele-Cogealac, said Romania represents a "terrific opportunity" for development. The company, also involved in significant power and energy projects elsewhere in the country, said the average time taken to grant wind permits — 15 months — makes Romania the third-best performer in Europe after Finland and Austria.
Some room for improvement remains, said a spokeswoman for GE Energy. "For investment decisions to be made, it is important for developers to have clear estimates of connection costs, timeframes and connection deadlines," she said.
The scale of the expansion will inevitably put heavy new demands on Romania's grid. However, Transelectrica has said it is confident it can integrate at least 4GW without serious problems.
Alternatives to Wind
Forests that cover more than a quarter of the country and a large agricultural sector mean Romania offers plentiful sources of fuel for exploitation as biomass.
The country already has an installed biomass capacity of more than 4000 MW, almost exclusively used for heating. According to the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), district heating systems offer the best opportunity for short-term deployment of new resources.
Earlier this year it was announced that the first biomass plant in Romania to produce electricity from a wicker plantation will be built in Timis County in the west of the country, using private investment from Germany.
Romania also offers considerable untapped resources in the field of geothermal energy, where it is estimated to hold the third-highest potential in Europe.
Areas of particular promise include the country's western and southern plains and the southern Carpathians. The country already has more than 200 geothermal wells and an installed capacity of 145 MWt, though many sites are used solely for recreation.
The country's minster of the environment said earlier this year that the government would encourage development of the geothermal infrastructure, and in April, a €2 million (US$2.6 million) tomato-growing facility heated by geothermal water was unveiled in the town of Livada.
Romania's decision to award six green certificates for each MWh of electricity produced through solar reflects the paltry level of PV penetration in Romania, with barely 500 kW installed despite good insolation values in southern regions of the country.
Something of a European pioneer in solar technologies until the 1990s, Romania saw the sector wither on the back of low-quality products and a lack of incentives. But in June the country celebrated the opening by the Renovatio Group of a €10 million ($13 million) PV manufacturing facility in Satu Mare, which will produce panels for distribution in southern Europe.
2011 is a decisive year for renewable energy in Romania. The projects in this field are more and more supported and promoted also by the state. In particular, the new law encouraging solar power is seen by the experts as a challenging opportunity that can bring to a boom. A first foreign investor has recently begun the production of photovoltaic modules in Romania.
Under the new regulation the big investments on solar photovoltaic power are especially encouraged. For each MWh six “Green Certificates”, as much as for no other energy project. With the boom in solar sector new opportunities for machines and plant builders will be opened for national and international companies.
Source: Renewable Energy World magazine
Freddy Jacobs
President Romanian Real Estate Chamber
frjacobs@telenet.be
www.cibr.be
zaterdag 19 februari 2011
harta politica a romaniei
Visit this excellent site in order to see all politcal power in Romania.
http://www.politico.ro/harta-politica/deputati-senatori/BZ/
Freddy Jacobs
More info at frjacobs@telenet.be
http://www.politico.ro/harta-politica/deputati-senatori/BZ/
Freddy Jacobs
More info at frjacobs@telenet.be
zaterdag 5 februari 2011
Salariul minim de 700 de lei nu se aplica
Deocamdata este in vigoare doar cel fixat de guvern, in cazul bugetarilor, de 670 de lei
Negocierile privind Contractul Colectiv de Munca (CCM) la nivel national continua intre sindicate si patronate. Pana la lamurirea neintelegerilor dintre patronate, salariul minim pe economie, pentru ramurile in care au ex¬pirat contractele colective, este cel stabilit prin hotarare de guvern, de 670 de lei.
Contractul Colectiv de Munca la nivel national nu a fost inca inregistrat la Ministerul Muncii si nici publicat in Monitorul Oficial, astfel ca singurul salariu minim pe economie aplicabil pentru ramurile in care au expirat contractele este cel de 670 de lei, stabilit prin hotarare de guvern. „Nu a fost inregistrat CCM la Ministerul Muncii. Inca suntem in discutii cu confederatiile patronale”, a precizat Nicolae Cretu, vicepresedintele Confederatiei Sindicale din Romania (CSDR). La sfarsitul lunii decembrie, patronatele si sindicatele pareau sa se fi inteles cu privire la Contractul Colectiv de Munca, prin care se stabilea un salariu minim brut pe economie de 700 de lei pentru sectorul privat. Alianta Confederatiilor Patronale din Romania (ACPR), care sustine ca reprezinta interesele a 63% din forta de munca din sectorul privat, a refuzat sa semneze contractul. „Vrem sa se respecte ceea ce am stabilit la negocierile din decembrie. Dupa ce am cazut de acord, procesul-verbal a fost falsificat si au fost eliminate sau modificate lucruri asupra carora am convenit la discutii”, a explicat pentru „Financiarul” purtatorul de cuvant al ACPR, Dan Matei Agathon. ACPR cere un salariu minim de 720 de lei si stabilirea unui plafon minim doar pentru pozitiile care necesita personal necalificat. „Nu mai vrem ca salariul minim sa fie o ancora pentru stabilirea salariului persoanelor calificate. Salariul minim trebuie sa fie stabilit doar pentru cei fara nicio calificare.
UGIR: 5 mil. salariati nu beneficiaza de majorarea salariului minim
Persoanele calificate trebuie sa isi poata stabili salariul prin negocieri directe cu angajatorul“, a precizat Agathon. De cealalta parte, UGIR-1903, confederatia patronala a industriei din Romania, sustine, la randul ei, ca reprezinta 17 sectoare din economia Romaniei si 62% din salariati si afirma ca ACPR a incercat „tot timpul si pe toate caile sa blocheze obtinerea unor proiecte de lege agreate de toti partenerii sociali, care sa duca la relansare economica”. „Din cauza refu¬zului de a negocia si semna Contractul Colectiv de Munca Unic la Nivel National, bugetul statului a fost preju¬diciat cu sume importante si peste cinci milioane de salariati nu beneficiaza de majorarea salariului minim negociat de confederatiile nationale patronale si sindicale la sfarsitul anului trecut”, arata UGIR-1903.
In CCM, cu care o parte din patronate si sindicate au fost de acord in ultima luna a anului trecut, salariul minim brut pe economie era majorat la 700 de lei pentru muncitorii necalificati si la 770 de lei pentru cei calificati. Pentru personalul incadrat pe pozitii care necesita studii superioare, salariul minim brut pe economie a fost stabilit, la acea data, la 1.204 lei.
Source: Financiarul 28 ianuarie 2011
Negocierile privind Contractul Colectiv de Munca (CCM) la nivel national continua intre sindicate si patronate. Pana la lamurirea neintelegerilor dintre patronate, salariul minim pe economie, pentru ramurile in care au ex¬pirat contractele colective, este cel stabilit prin hotarare de guvern, de 670 de lei.
Contractul Colectiv de Munca la nivel national nu a fost inca inregistrat la Ministerul Muncii si nici publicat in Monitorul Oficial, astfel ca singurul salariu minim pe economie aplicabil pentru ramurile in care au expirat contractele este cel de 670 de lei, stabilit prin hotarare de guvern. „Nu a fost inregistrat CCM la Ministerul Muncii. Inca suntem in discutii cu confederatiile patronale”, a precizat Nicolae Cretu, vicepresedintele Confederatiei Sindicale din Romania (CSDR). La sfarsitul lunii decembrie, patronatele si sindicatele pareau sa se fi inteles cu privire la Contractul Colectiv de Munca, prin care se stabilea un salariu minim brut pe economie de 700 de lei pentru sectorul privat. Alianta Confederatiilor Patronale din Romania (ACPR), care sustine ca reprezinta interesele a 63% din forta de munca din sectorul privat, a refuzat sa semneze contractul. „Vrem sa se respecte ceea ce am stabilit la negocierile din decembrie. Dupa ce am cazut de acord, procesul-verbal a fost falsificat si au fost eliminate sau modificate lucruri asupra carora am convenit la discutii”, a explicat pentru „Financiarul” purtatorul de cuvant al ACPR, Dan Matei Agathon. ACPR cere un salariu minim de 720 de lei si stabilirea unui plafon minim doar pentru pozitiile care necesita personal necalificat. „Nu mai vrem ca salariul minim sa fie o ancora pentru stabilirea salariului persoanelor calificate. Salariul minim trebuie sa fie stabilit doar pentru cei fara nicio calificare.
UGIR: 5 mil. salariati nu beneficiaza de majorarea salariului minim
Persoanele calificate trebuie sa isi poata stabili salariul prin negocieri directe cu angajatorul“, a precizat Agathon. De cealalta parte, UGIR-1903, confederatia patronala a industriei din Romania, sustine, la randul ei, ca reprezinta 17 sectoare din economia Romaniei si 62% din salariati si afirma ca ACPR a incercat „tot timpul si pe toate caile sa blocheze obtinerea unor proiecte de lege agreate de toti partenerii sociali, care sa duca la relansare economica”. „Din cauza refu¬zului de a negocia si semna Contractul Colectiv de Munca Unic la Nivel National, bugetul statului a fost preju¬diciat cu sume importante si peste cinci milioane de salariati nu beneficiaza de majorarea salariului minim negociat de confederatiile nationale patronale si sindicale la sfarsitul anului trecut”, arata UGIR-1903.
In CCM, cu care o parte din patronate si sindicate au fost de acord in ultima luna a anului trecut, salariul minim brut pe economie era majorat la 700 de lei pentru muncitorii necalificati si la 770 de lei pentru cei calificati. Pentru personalul incadrat pe pozitii care necesita studii superioare, salariul minim brut pe economie a fost stabilit, la acea data, la 1.204 lei.
Source: Financiarul 28 ianuarie 2011
zaterdag 15 januari 2011
Business offices in Romania and company creation
New hosting location and offices in Buzau
January 1st, 20102011
The chamber laucnhed a new hosting complex in Buzau for offices and newly created companies in Romania. As the province of East Flanders, Belgium and the province of Buzau , Romania are twins the chamber has put the first incubation center in Buzau. This initiative has the full support from the Belgian site and the full support from the site of the province of Buzau in order to facilitate the start of new business.
Visit the website for more information.
http://www.structural-funds-romania.ro/office/index.html
vrijdag 7 januari 2011
Microenterprise 3% tax on profit is active from 1 january 2011 - Romanian company creation
RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF THE LEGAL PROVISIONS REGARDING MICROENTERPRISES
Starting 2011, the microenterprise tax regime is reinforced. Thus, the entities which meet certain criteria (among which, it should have between 1-9 employees and should record a turnover less than EUR 100,000) may choose to pay a tax of 3% of the revenues instead of 16% corporate income tax. The entities which obtain revenues from banking, insurance and reinsurance, gambling, consultancy and management activities cannot apply this tax regime and will continue to be subject to 16% corporate income tax.
Government Emergency Ordinance No. 117 on the amendment of Law No. 571/2003 regarding the Fiscal Code (the "Ordinance") was published in the Official Gazette of Romania, Part I No. 891 on December 30th, 2010.
The Ordinance re-establishes the legal provisions regarding the tax on the incomes of microenterprises. Within the meaning of the Ordinance, the microenterprise is the Romanian legal entity which on December 31st of the previous fiscal year has met all the below mentioned requirements:
- 1 to 9 employees;
- Obtained incomes of maximum the lei equivalent of EUR 100,000;
- Its shared capital is held by persons/entities, other than the state and the local authorities.
The Romanian legal entities payers of the tax on profit may choose to pay the tax on the incomes of the microenterprises starting with the following fiscal year providing that such entities meet the above mentioned requirements and in the past were not payers of tax on the incomes of the microenterprises according to the Ordinance. In order to benefit from the legal provisions regarding the tax on the incomes of the microenterprises, the said entities have to notify their option regarding the payment of such tax to the territorial fiscal authorities on January 31st inclusive of the year for which the tax on the incomes of the microenterprises is paid at the latest. Such notification is made by submitting a statement regarding amendments to the legal entity's fiscal status.
Thus, for 2011, the Romanian legal entities may choose to pay the tax on the incomes of the microenterprises in case they met the above mentioned requirements on December 31st, 2010 and notify their option to the territorial fiscal authorities on January 31st, 2011 at the latest.
Starting 2011, the microenterprise tax regime is reinforced. Thus, the entities which meet certain criteria (among which, it should have between 1-9 employees and should record a turnover less than EUR 100,000) may choose to pay a tax of 3% of the revenues instead of 16% corporate income tax. The entities which obtain revenues from banking, insurance and reinsurance, gambling, consultancy and management activities cannot apply this tax regime and will continue to be subject to 16% corporate income tax.
Government Emergency Ordinance No. 117 on the amendment of Law No. 571/2003 regarding the Fiscal Code (the "Ordinance") was published in the Official Gazette of Romania, Part I No. 891 on December 30th, 2010.
The Ordinance re-establishes the legal provisions regarding the tax on the incomes of microenterprises. Within the meaning of the Ordinance, the microenterprise is the Romanian legal entity which on December 31st of the previous fiscal year has met all the below mentioned requirements:
- 1 to 9 employees;
- Obtained incomes of maximum the lei equivalent of EUR 100,000;
- Its shared capital is held by persons/entities, other than the state and the local authorities.
The Romanian legal entities payers of the tax on profit may choose to pay the tax on the incomes of the microenterprises starting with the following fiscal year providing that such entities meet the above mentioned requirements and in the past were not payers of tax on the incomes of the microenterprises according to the Ordinance. In order to benefit from the legal provisions regarding the tax on the incomes of the microenterprises, the said entities have to notify their option regarding the payment of such tax to the territorial fiscal authorities on January 31st inclusive of the year for which the tax on the incomes of the microenterprises is paid at the latest. Such notification is made by submitting a statement regarding amendments to the legal entity's fiscal status.
Thus, for 2011, the Romanian legal entities may choose to pay the tax on the incomes of the microenterprises in case they met the above mentioned requirements on December 31st, 2010 and notify their option to the territorial fiscal authorities on January 31st, 2011 at the latest.
dinsdag 28 december 2010
The prices for agricultural land in Romania will double or triple in the next years.
The prices for agricultural land in Romania will double or triple in the next years.
Nr. 20101228
Keywords: Investieren in Rumanian,investeren in Roemenie,investin Romania,investitii in Romania, teren arabil,terenurilor arabil,agrarland rumanien,landbouwgronden roemenie, agricultural land romania
Romania has 9,7 million hectares and only 30% are used at this moment. Romania is currently supporting the restructuring of its agricultural industry towards a market economy. Only small changes in land use are expected. Self-sufficiency in cereals is expected to increase, consolidating their net export position. In the livestock sector, poultry and pig numbers are expected to recover somewhat, production being boosted by an increasing domestic demand and the availability of cereals on the domestic market. Overall agricultural self-sufficiency will slightly increase and the agriculture and food trade balance will turn positive.
How can we invest in agriculture in Romania and what wil be our profit ?
The prices of wheat keeps growing on a global scale in a global market.
The cost for operations keeps growing in agriculture in the Benelux and Germany.
So if we can produce at a low cost by delocalization to Romania we will gain a lot of money and substantially increase our profit margin.
If we can combine the investment with an investment in agricultural land in Romania that will double or triple in price we have a good investment with a high yield.
In western Europe, acquiring any surface of farmland can be an administrative hassle (to say the least), more expensive, and large surfaces can be difficult to find. Romanian agricultural legislation is more flexible.
European subventions are another reason: 50%-70% of the investments made on equipement, buldings, or modernisation of an agricultural operation is paid by European funds and a subvention of more then 100€ per hectare per year (for cereals, different amounts for different types of crops).
The risk is the management of the operations not the investment idea and the land behind it.
The price for 1 hectare of Agricultural land in Romania is between 1000 and 2000 Euro per individual hectare at this moment.
The prices will triple in the next years until 6000 Euro /hectare in some specific regions in Romania.
The information comes from the EVD, agency of foreign affairs in Holland.
“We have Agricultural land for sale at 1000 Euro/hectare (prices VAT not included)”
How to buy Agricultural land in Romania.
Have you tried but failed to find large surfaces of farmland for sale at a reasonable price in Romania? Please read on in any case... most proposals are fake and behind them you will find a lot of hidden problems. We have 9 years experience in the market and we act by doing it and we are leading by example in Romania and Romanian agricultural investments.
It is virtually impossible to find large parcels of farmland for sale in Romania with a good price and the legal paperwork in a condition that you can buy without risks.
According to tradition, Romanian owners have been dividing their property into equal shares between their heirs. Today, a multitude of small surfaces ranging between 0.1 ha and 10 ha result from so many divisions, generation after generation. Larger surfaces are quite rare.
How to acquire large surfaces of agrocultural land in Romania:
1/ Through a process called "comasare" in Romanian. It signifies the re- groupement (or consolidation) of many small plots of land into one larger surfaces.
2/ By purchase of land already consolidated. Real offers are rare, and more expensive when they exist. On the other hand, these properties can be purchased within a very short time frame (if and when real offers exist).
To consolidate a surface of 1000 hectares for example, you may have to purchase the properties of 500 to 900 separate owners. The procedure can last a few months, depending on the number of sellers involved and their availability to go sign the documents at the notary's office. The buyer, or an agent of the buyer, must remain available to make payment each time a plot is purchased.
We have identified consolidation zones and we have found clients that already own the land in volumes of 1-500 hectares and more.
So we gain 1 year of hard work offering the desired surface potential and other buyer-defined criteria.
We start the operations and transfer of the property rights in collaboration with the local authorities, cadastral specialists and experts and start registering the plots for your company.
Efforts to regroup the purchased plots into larger surfaces are carried out on a continual basis right from the beginning and we start with plots that are already bought to gain time and money (30% savings on operations !).
When the agricultural land in Romania is consolidated, the value of your farmland will have instantly increased by at 50%.
If you wish, you may opt to sell part of the land to reimburse your acquisition cost.
We are at disposal for further information on agricultural land and farming in Romania.
Freddy Jacobs
President
Camera Imobiliara Belgia Romania
www.cibr.be
0040-766-622-873
0032-478-331-799
frjacobs@telenet.be
Source: Agrimedia
Source: www.pbsworldwide.com and www.investromania.be
Nr. 20101228
Keywords: Investieren in Rumanian,investeren in Roemenie,investin Romania,investitii in Romania, teren arabil,terenurilor arabil,agrarland rumanien,landbouwgronden roemenie, agricultural land romania
Romania has 9,7 million hectares and only 30% are used at this moment. Romania is currently supporting the restructuring of its agricultural industry towards a market economy. Only small changes in land use are expected. Self-sufficiency in cereals is expected to increase, consolidating their net export position. In the livestock sector, poultry and pig numbers are expected to recover somewhat, production being boosted by an increasing domestic demand and the availability of cereals on the domestic market. Overall agricultural self-sufficiency will slightly increase and the agriculture and food trade balance will turn positive.
How can we invest in agriculture in Romania and what wil be our profit ?
The prices of wheat keeps growing on a global scale in a global market.
The cost for operations keeps growing in agriculture in the Benelux and Germany.
So if we can produce at a low cost by delocalization to Romania we will gain a lot of money and substantially increase our profit margin.
If we can combine the investment with an investment in agricultural land in Romania that will double or triple in price we have a good investment with a high yield.
In western Europe, acquiring any surface of farmland can be an administrative hassle (to say the least), more expensive, and large surfaces can be difficult to find. Romanian agricultural legislation is more flexible.
European subventions are another reason: 50%-70% of the investments made on equipement, buldings, or modernisation of an agricultural operation is paid by European funds and a subvention of more then 100€ per hectare per year (for cereals, different amounts for different types of crops).
The risk is the management of the operations not the investment idea and the land behind it.
The price for 1 hectare of Agricultural land in Romania is between 1000 and 2000 Euro per individual hectare at this moment.
The prices will triple in the next years until 6000 Euro /hectare in some specific regions in Romania.
The information comes from the EVD, agency of foreign affairs in Holland.
“We have Agricultural land for sale at 1000 Euro/hectare (prices VAT not included)”
How to buy Agricultural land in Romania.
Have you tried but failed to find large surfaces of farmland for sale at a reasonable price in Romania? Please read on in any case... most proposals are fake and behind them you will find a lot of hidden problems. We have 9 years experience in the market and we act by doing it and we are leading by example in Romania and Romanian agricultural investments.
It is virtually impossible to find large parcels of farmland for sale in Romania with a good price and the legal paperwork in a condition that you can buy without risks.
According to tradition, Romanian owners have been dividing their property into equal shares between their heirs. Today, a multitude of small surfaces ranging between 0.1 ha and 10 ha result from so many divisions, generation after generation. Larger surfaces are quite rare.
How to acquire large surfaces of agrocultural land in Romania:
1/ Through a process called "comasare" in Romanian. It signifies the re- groupement (or consolidation) of many small plots of land into one larger surfaces.
2/ By purchase of land already consolidated. Real offers are rare, and more expensive when they exist. On the other hand, these properties can be purchased within a very short time frame (if and when real offers exist).
To consolidate a surface of 1000 hectares for example, you may have to purchase the properties of 500 to 900 separate owners. The procedure can last a few months, depending on the number of sellers involved and their availability to go sign the documents at the notary's office. The buyer, or an agent of the buyer, must remain available to make payment each time a plot is purchased.
We have identified consolidation zones and we have found clients that already own the land in volumes of 1-500 hectares and more.
So we gain 1 year of hard work offering the desired surface potential and other buyer-defined criteria.
We start the operations and transfer of the property rights in collaboration with the local authorities, cadastral specialists and experts and start registering the plots for your company.
Efforts to regroup the purchased plots into larger surfaces are carried out on a continual basis right from the beginning and we start with plots that are already bought to gain time and money (30% savings on operations !).
When the agricultural land in Romania is consolidated, the value of your farmland will have instantly increased by at 50%.
If you wish, you may opt to sell part of the land to reimburse your acquisition cost.
We are at disposal for further information on agricultural land and farming in Romania.
Freddy Jacobs
President
Camera Imobiliara Belgia Romania
www.cibr.be
0040-766-622-873
0032-478-331-799
frjacobs@telenet.be
Source: Agrimedia
Source: www.pbsworldwide.com and www.investromania.be
Abonneren op:
Posts (Atom)
